I need a pen. (Completed Sentence)
S + V + O
(If sentences like that is not enough to explain what we man, we use clasuses)
When I started university, I was very nervous. (Time Clause)
Structurally compled. But it is not meaninful, so we need another grammatical structure to complete the meaning.
Although ..... , ......
Adverbial Clause
.... who/which etc. ....
Relative Clause
IF CLAUSES
Type zero
- Personal mammers
- Timeless truths
If you kiss the child, he cries. (He always do that.)
Type One
If+ Simple Present + will
(That means reality or probability for “future”.)
There will/might be consequences in future.
If + Present Perfect/ Present Continuous + ...
If you are coming here, please buy coffee.
If you have finished your homework, you will watch TV.
SHOULD
IF + WILL
CAN/COULD
General rule about time clauses: “will” is not used in those sentences but it might have little difference in its meaning and that creates an exception.
If you will open the door, I’ll be glad.
In this sentences, “will” means request and politeness.
Will’s another function in Type One
He will never stop talking! (Complaining)
As in this sentence, we can use “will” in an if-clause.
If you don’t stop smoking, I will never take you to doctor’s. (threatful)
I will talk to your teacher if that will stop you worrying. (request, offer)
If you should see him, tell him to call me.
If you happen to see him, ....
If you should happen to see him by chance, ... (That sentence is grammatically correct but it has very rare usage. –extreme situation.)
Can, could and rarelt might
If you could speak louder, everybody can hear you.
Type 2
If you were not eating, I would suggest you to eat out.
If I were you, I would study.
If you liked this singer, we could go to her concert.
If I were to give you money, would you do my work (for me)? (Actually this sentence is about future.)
In If-Clauses Type-2 meaning is future or there is probability.
Were/weren’t for
If it weren’t for Hulk, theyw ould score 5 goals in our post.
Type 3
If you had taught me, I would have helped you.
Note: If interested, I’ll give you more information. (Same with “if you are interested,” – that’s a reduction.)
Mixed Type
If you were a good friend, you wouldn’t have left me alone last night.
Alternatives to If
· Providing
· Provided
· If only
· Supposing
· As long as
· Even if
· So lang as
· Unless
· Otherwise
· But for
· On condition (that)
Those are just alternatives and not equals to “if”. Some of them has different meaning and others have some different grammatical rules.
Wish Clauses
“Wish + would” means future or an annoying event.
I wish it didn’t rain so much. (We can’t know if rain had stopped.)
I wish it wouldn’t rain so much. (It’s raining at the same time.)
Remember: would rather, would sooner, would prefer
It’s time/high time you bought a new jacket.
(You should have bought a new jacket by now.)
As if and as though
You look as if you are tired.
(It may be real.)
She acts as if she were my mother.
(Unreal, she is not his/her mother.)
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